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What is PRAM and how do I "zap" itPronounced pee-ram, short for parameter RAM. On Macintosh computers, PRAM is a small portion of RAM used to store information about the way the system is configured. For example, parameter RAM holds the date and time, desktop pattern, mouse settings, volume settings, and other control data set with control panels. Parameter RAM is powered by a battery, so it does not lose its contents when the power is turned off.
Occasionally the PRAM can become corrupt and cause problems with your computer. If you are experiencing problems that have resisted other attempts at troubleshooting, you can sometimes solve them by "zapping" the PRAM. To do so, follow these steps:
Hold down the Cmd, Option, p , and r keys while starting or restarting your computer. This will automatically restart your computer a few seconds after it powers on.
Keep holding down the Cmd, Option, p , and r keys, and allow your computer to restart seven times. After the seventh time, let your computer power up and boot normally.
You may need to go in and change some of your settings, as they will be reset to factory defaults.
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